British Taxation On The American Revolution - 956 Words

British Taxation on the Colonies were a series of laws passed between 1763-1775 that regulated trade and taxes. This caused tensions between America and Britain. These laws brought on the American Revolution faster. The British government ended in the Seven Years’ War also known as the French and Indian War with a lot of heavy debts which led to putting taxes on the colonies. Britain felt they also had a problem maintaining order in America. The British Taxation of the Colonies involved Britain increasing revenue in the colonies in order to pay off large debts. There were many taxes that took place during 1764-1765. The Sugar Act of 1764 was the first attempt to finance the defense of the colonies by the British government through taxes†¦show more content†¦This act was based off of the Currency Act of 1751 in New England. Americans opposed it because they feared it will upset their economy. The next act is the Quartering act of 1765. In this act, Parliament orders colonists to house British Troops, even in colonists’ homes. It required local governments in the colonies to provide food for any British soldiers in the area.Many objected to being obligatory to provide housing and food which looked like an attempt to tax them but not camouflaged as such. The New York Assembly argued that it could not be forced to comply. these were one of the first acts created by the British on the colonies. The Stamp Act was a major taxation law that led to other actions taken place. Parliament required all legal documents, newspapers and pamphlets required to use water marked, or â€Å"stamped† paper on which a levy was placed. This sought to pay some of the costs of protecting the colonies. The Stamp Act was the first direct tax on the American colonies.The revenue did not go to colonial legislatures but to Britain. Many colonists still had complaints and hardships with British colonial policies because of this act. The Virginian Resolution of 1765 was the Virginian assembly refused to comply with the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 was when representatives for nine of the thirteen colonies declared the Stamp Act unconstitutional as it was a tax levied without their consent.

Environmental Racism Environmental Discrimination

Balogun Grace Dr. McCray Sociology 210 August 28, 2017 Environmental Racism Environmental racism refers to the inappropriate exposure of low-income or minority individuals to heavy chemicals, pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides, and, most importantly, clean air. According to Bullard, environmental racism refers to racial discrimination in environmental policy making, decision making, and/or any practice which results in equitable distribution of environmental burdens borne by society and based on race or color (qtd. in Revalthi 199). Environmental racism is considered a threat to human lives because it focuses on a particular or specific part of a racial group or color. An industry in a rural area will undermine the health concerns of the†¦show more content†¦As many as 12,000 children in Flint drank lead-contaminated water and are at especially high risk of brain damage (Goff 2). The effects of environmental racism are health risk, poverty, and race. Health risk plays a significant part in environmental racism. The results of environmental pollution and exposure to toxic chemicals contaminate the air inhaled by residents, thereby leading to long-term illnesses such as cancer. Furthermore, an epidemic can continue from one generation to the next, depending on exposure. Chemicals such as dioxin, released into the environment from the disposition of certain chemicals, have adverse effects which are poisonous to human beings and which include cancer, hormonal disorders, and infections. One such toxin which is released from pollutants and known to have a deleterious effect on an individual’s health (and which is known to be the most toxic substance to mankind) is a carcinogen named dioxin (qtd. in Revalti 199). Asthma is another health effect which is interrelated with various environmental factors such as exhaust from cars and industries. Thirty-eight percent of people of color (more than white people) are exposed to a level of nitrogen dioxide (Bryce and Covert 5). A community that suffers from the negative effects of carcinogens is Mossville, Louisiana, where a certain group of low- income African-Americans have been fighting hard for a healthier environment and to improve the state of health forShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal On Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages1404: Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice May 30, 2016 Andy Stanford (Instructor) This will be my paper research proposal on behave of the unit 8 Learning assignment as per requested; The Brief summary of my topic will be An environmental Justice / Environmental Racism. ThisRead MoreEssay on Environmental Racism1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism is rarely considered. This form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for our nation’s waste disposal, as well as home to agriculturalRead MoreEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesrace. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and eth nicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with high toxic environmental waste sites than the poorer whites. This notion was pegged onRead MoreThe Problem Of Environmental Racism916 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, we are going to provide a quick overview of what environmental justice is and when this phenomenon started to then analyze the dilemma of environmental racism in minorities’ neighborhoods. At the same time we will try to present some solutions to the matter as well as explain if we believe that this kind of social-race problem could be addressed in a near future or it will be ignored and forgotten by the new generations. The environmental justice movement is tightly related to the Civil RightsRead MoreEassy : The New Global Health Terror1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthis crisis is to kill the mosquitoes and to spread cautionary messages to women. This essay will discuss how the Zika epidemic intersects with the global issues of gender discrimination and environmental racism. The Zika virus intersects with an issue that feminists have been fighting for four centuries, gender discrimination. The local and global governments have put out messages that target women and tell them that they should avoid becoming pregnant, use contraception, and cover themselves fromRead MoreThe Documentary Crude, By Joe Berlinger1371 Words   |  6 PagesFreshDirect began plans to build their new headquarters and a fueling station along the South Bronx waterfront, a district which is 39% Black and 60% Hispanic according to the Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems. Environmental racism is usually not the overt racism, discrimination, or stereotyping that is splayed out across the media through newspapers and television screens, attracting national attention. Instead, it is more subtle and hidden, such as the placement of a toxic waste dump in aRead MoreRacial Justice Of The United Church Of Christ1363 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental racism is the â€Å"targeting of minorities and low-income communities to bear a disproportionate share of environmental costs. It refers to any policy or practice that differently affects or disadvantages individuals, groups or communities based on race or skin color† (Schill Austin 1991). Pollution is disproportionately distributed across the country; it is also distributed unequally within individual states, within counties, and within cities (Schill Austin 1991). Hazardous wasteRead MoreDescription Of Selected Community Practice Model Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel described by Weil, Reisch a nd Ohmer (2012). It will also describe the model of Movements of Progressive Change and how it relates to the role of community practice. Movements for Progressive Change advocate for social action, economic and environmental justice and the well-being of others (Weil, Reisch Ohmer, 2012). Identification of Key Characteristics Changes to policy and social conditions are gradual and progress is made in a step by step fashion for the health and well-being of theRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Environmental Justice1746 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental justice is a term coined in the United States that usually deals with two different things. One is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The other is a mixed body of social science literature pertaining to anything from environmental laws to political ecology. Primarily based around the conceptRead MoreRacism and Social Injustice Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe racial environment is changing. Environmental pollution and racism are connected in more ways than one. The world is unconsciously aware of environmental intolerances, yet continues to expose the poor and mino rities to physical hazards. Furthermore, sociologist continue to study â€Å"whether racial disparities are largely a function of socioeconomic disparities or whether other factors associated with race are also related to the distribution of environmental hazards† (Mohai and Saha 2007: 345).

Internal Communication Audit Report Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Internal Communication Audit Report. Answer: Objectives and Background Communication audit process The communication audit process took place on 10th March 2018 by the companys independent audit consultancy firm, Navel Audit Consultancy. The objective of the audit process was to evaluate our communication system for effectiveness and efficiency. The process began by ascertaining the scope of the audit, and it was determined that both the internal and external communication systems were to be audited. The second step was to choose the methodology to be adopted, and one-on-one interviews and sample population from each department were selected. Thirdly, current processes of communication including the channels were evaluated. The fourth step was to gather data from all the participants. All respondents were included, and consistency across the board was maintained as well. The fifth step involved the SWOT analysis, in which the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the system were determined. The last stage was to review the data and make necessary recommendations for improvements objectively. Specific Purpose To find out the issues affecting the internal communication system General Purpose To ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal and external communication system Problems Employees are not always choosing the appropriate means of communication (traditional or digital) for the context and the audience. The audit report indicated that the employees were not using the right communication channel and the audience addressed is inappropriate. This issue affects the organization substantially because wrong communication distorts the message which leads to misinterpretation. This also affects the efficient flow of information between the teams and in the organizational structure. Additionally, when the wrong audience is served with irrelevant information and mistakenly acts on it, this may cause a ripple effect on the general production process. Poor communication hampers the process of decision making which also affects the rate with which products are produced, and this means that they will not arrive on time in the market thus negatively affecting the organization's sales The internal organizational communication network is limited and partial, with some groups being left out According to the audit report, our internal communication system is not inclusive, and thus some teams are left out. This issue has a catastrophic effect on both the staff and the organization as a whole. Employees that are left out of the communication structure may feel side-lined and thus demotivated. The impact of demotivating employees will only endeavor to attain the minimum thus derailing the achievement of the organization common goal. This also means that the skills of some teams are not factored into the production process thus leading to defective or redundant software. This will quantitatively affect the organization because our loyal clients will shift to the competitors products, and this will lower the market share and sales revenue, and as a result, the organization will be forced to downsize. Intra-organizational meetings are ineffective The audit report also found out that the quarterly intra-organizational meeting is not productive. The reason why these meetings were started was to provide a platform where we could share and exchange ideas on the production trends so that we could also improve our products to meet the ever-changing market needs. Now the ineffectiveness of this meetings means that our products will not advance based on the new ideas and technologies and thus our clients will go for other products in the market that are meeting their needs. This will further affect the volume of our production because few products will be on sale. This will consequently lead to the loss of clients, reduce the market share and sales revenue, and the company may be forced to respond by lowering the production costs through downsizing. Action steps to solve the problems Creation of awareness of the importance of using appropriate communication In order to address the issue of inappropriate communication and audience, themanagement through the human resource department has decided on introducing regular seminars on the importance of using the right communication channel. Also, the internal communication system will be structured in a way that it is centrally used for any communication to foster familiarity with its use. Re-structuring of the internal communication system to be all-inclusive The organization first apologizes for the teams that have been left out of our internal communication system. To rectify this, themanagement has resolved to hire a consultant to re-design the internal communication system so that it is all-inclusive. New policies on intra-organizational meetings Due to the gravity of the matter in problem 3, the organization through the human resource department has introduced new policies concerning the intra-organizational meetings. All staff is expected to attend the meetings without failure and in case permission is required for absenteeism, it should be done two days before the meeting date. Also, all the attendee teams will be expected to present the ideas learned from the meeting and implementation plans to their respective supervisors Closing This memo, therefore, outlines the internal communication audit report which includes the findings and the respective recommendations Themanagement urges all the staff to comply with the changes mentioned above towards a supportive working environment and the achievement of the organization's goal and individual growth.

Tchaikovsky The Man And His Music Essays - Music,

Tchaikovsky: The Man And His Music ATchaikovsky=s music is not only one of the cornerstones of Russian musical society and world music . . . It is at the same time a creative and technical encyclopedia to which every Russian composer has reference in the course of his own work,@ commented Dimitri Shostakovich.1 This was a typical view held by Tchaikovsky=s contemporaries. He was well known and well respected, especially in his later years. In addition, Tchaikovsky was recognized as the most expressive Romantic composer in Russia.2 He was often idolized and put on a pedestal, particularly during his tour of the United States in 1891 when he conducted concerts of his own works in some of the leading concert halls. Tchaikovsky brought national attention to the Russian musical culture and composers. From this period forward Russian music was well received. Tchaikovsky did indeed make a great impact in Russia and around the world. Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, born in Votkinsk, Russia on May 7, 1840, was part of a family with comfortable financial circumstances. His father was a mining engineer and he was strongly attached to his mother. He first entered into the musical world at the age of five when he was given his first instruction on the piano. In spite of these lessons and Tchaikovsky=s love for music it never occurred to his parents to devote his life to music. Instead, at the age of ten, his family moved to St. Petersburg where they enrolled him in the School of Jurisprudence. Nine years later, in 1859, he passed into the Ministry of Justice as a clerk. He still loved music although it did not prove to be a major part of his life during this period. He was a member of the school choir and took piano lessons, but none of his instructors suspected a budding genius.3 A great tragedy that would prove to have a major impact on his life occurred while he was in St. Petersburg. When he was fourteen years old, a major cholera epidemic was raging through Russia, a quite common occurrence during his lifetime. His mother contracted the disease and subsequently died. Tchaikovsky was completely shattered by her death. AIt is likely that the emotional imbalance that characterized Tchaikovsky=s throughout his life dates from this [emailprotected] He remained a clerk for three years. He hated his job but he worked feverishly at it for he worked hard at every task he was given. He continued to be drawn into the music world and he took piano and theory lessons. Finally, in 1862, he quit his job and devoted the rest of his life to music which he began by entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He graduated with a silver medal in 1865. After graduation he was unsure of what to do until 1866 when Nicholas Rubenstein offered him the job of professor of harmony at the newly formed Moscow Conservatory. It was here that he wrote his first serious works which included AA Festival Overture on the Danish National Hymn,@ his First Symphony in G AWinter Daydreams,@ and his first opera AThe [emailprotected] Showing his desire for perfection he tore up the opera because he was dissatisfied with it and it wasn=t until 1949 that it was revived.5 Tchaikovsky=s first masterpiece was composed from 1869-1870. It was a symphonic fantasy based on Shakespeare=s Romeo and Juliet. ARomeo and [emailprotected] was the first of Tchaikovsky=s works in which his superbly unique style is finally formed.6 ARomeo and [emailprotected] shows Tchaikovsky=s ability to portray a particular mood or emotion through his music. It is thought that this ability was stimulated by his only love affair with the well known soprano Desiree Artot. One day she was in Warsaw and she met a baritone there. He proposed to her and she accepted without every giving another thought to Tchaikovsky. What makes this curious is the fact that this composer, who was generally regarded as sensitive and hot tempered, was able to forget her quite easily and continue on with his life.7 Tchaikovsky=s ability to put Desiree Artot out of his mind so easily stems from his homosexual tendencies which left him with Aa profound sense of guilt . . .